The poem "A Carol of Harvest for 1867" was published first in The Galaxy, September 1867, and reprinted one month later in Tinsely's Magazine (London). A revised version of the poem was added to Passage to India (1871). The 1881 edition of Leaves of Grass includes a further revised version entitled "The Return of the Heroes" . These manuscript pages were likely revised prior to the poem's first publication.

Whitman's correspondence indicates that the poem was written and sold to Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1889, although it did not appear there until April 1892, after the poet's death. Whitman originally included the poem in his 1891 manuscript for the "Second Annex" "Good-Bye My Fancy," and Traubel grouped it in the cluster "Old Age Echoes," which he added to Leaves of Grass in 1897. The Harper's printing included an engraving, "The Valley of the Shadow of Death," by American painter George Inness, which appeared facing the poem. On the verso appear the notes "Death's Valley" (twice) and "Magazine/ April, 1892" in, possibly, Whitman executor Horace Traubel's hand.

This manuscript contains two drafts of the poem "Hast Never Come to Thee an Hour," the first draft having been deleted with two horizontal and two diagonal pencil lines. The partly erased word "Interp[ellation?]" appears in the lower left corner. After further revision the poem appeared for the first time in the 1881 Leaves of Grass, in the cluster "By the Roadside."

This manuscript entitled "Inscription" appears to be a revision of other "Inscriptions" Whitman gathered in a notebook, along with prose drafts for a never-finished introduction to Leaves of Grass, and attached to his copy of the 1855 paper-bound edition. (The entire collection of draft "inscription" and introductory material is currently housed at the New York Public Library.) In the 1867 Leaves of Grass Whitman culled material from this poem and the other "Inscription" poems to create an italicized "Inscription" that he placed before "Starting from Paumanok" at the beginning of the book; in that edition he also transferred part of verse 2 to "As I Sat Alone by Blue Ontario's Shore" (later the line was dropped and the title was revised to "By Blue Ontario's Shore" ). From 1872 onward, this poem, revised and retitled "One's-Self I Sing," was printed as the first of several poems in the "Inscriptions" cluster that opened the book. In the 1888 November Boughs, however, Whitman reprinted the 1867 version as "Small the Theme of my Chant." Note: This manuscript draft may have been written before the Civil War, since it does not include the 1867 line "My Days I sing, and the Lands—with interstice I knew / of hapless War."

Originally titled "Pictures," this manuscript is a revision of the first four verses of a draft poem by that name, inscribed by Whitman in a twenty-nine page notebook before the first edition of Leaves of Grass appeared in 1855. The notes "? for children" and "extend this?" appear in the upper left corner. The final verse appears in the upper right corner. After further revision Whitman published these verses in the October 30, 1880 issue of The American under the title "My Picture-Gallery," after which he placed it in the new cluster "Autumn Rivulets" in the 1881 edition.

This manuscript contains a rough draft of the poem "Song of the Redwood-Tree" written, according to a note intialed by Whitman, during October and November 1873 prior to its first publication in the February 1874 issue of Harper's Magazine. In 1876 the poem was published in the group "Centennial Songs" and annexed to Two Rivulets. The poem appears ungrouped again in Leaves of Grass (1881). Several leaves contain deleted and undeleted titles or variant verse references to other published poems: "Eidólons" , "Waves in the Vessel's Wake" , "(a sonnet)" written "for Century Verses," which appears from a Library of Congress manuscript to have been a working title of the group that became "Centennial Verses" and "A California song" .

This manuscript contains a rough draft of the poem "Song of the Redwood-Tree" written, according to a note intialed by Whitman, during October and November 1873 prior to its first publication in the February 1874 issue of Harper's Magazine. In 1876 the poem was published in the group "Centennial Songs" and annexed to Two Rivulets. The poem appears ungrouped again in Leaves of Grass (1881). The similarities between this manuscript draft and the Harper's edition of the poem seem to indicate that Whitman revised these pages in preparation for the first publication.

This manuscript appears to have been a trial cover leaf for the cluster "Songs of Parting," new to the 1881 edition of Leaves of Grass. Whitman struck out the words "A few" above the current title, but left undeleted four other possibilities at the top of the leaf: "Songs of Departure/ Departing,/ Termination/ Completion."

This manuscript contains possible notes for two poems "[One?] Song—Come Philander" and "Three verses" which appears beneath a horizontal line. The poems were apparently never revised further and were never published. The leaf has been folded in half, and the verso contains two independent texts. One is a list of names and addresses including family memembers, friends, and supporters. The other seems to be notes for a newspaper announcement, beginning "Walt Whitman, after an absence of almost three years, appeared again on Pennsylvania Avenue this forenoon." Based on this date it can be speculated that the notes were written late in 1875 (a possibility corroborated by the list of names), but the poem(s) may have been inscribed in the late 1860s or earlier.

The manuscript appears to be a draft of a title or titles. The lines on the manuscript—"Embers of Ending Day," "Embers of day-fires mouldering"—are echoed in the partial line "the embers left from earlier fires" in the 1888 poem, "Continuities." On the verso is a note, dated December 28, 1880, confirming a request for a set of Whitmans's books: "Dear Sir, I shall be glad to supply you with a set (Two Volumes) of my books—There is only one kind of binding—Walt Whitman."

A draft of "A Thought of Columbus," a poem first published on July 16, 1892, in Once a Week, accompanied by Horace Traubel's account of its composition, called "Walt Whitman's Last Poem." This manuscript is a draft of only the first six lines and is dated 1891.

The manuscript contains heavily revised draft lines written in pencil beginning "Of all themes and of each."

This manuscript is a draft of lines that were published in "Chants Democratic," number 13, in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass. That poem was later revised and published as "Laws for Creations" ; however, the lines on this manuscript are a draft of the section of the poem that was deleted after the 1860 publication.

This manuscript contains notes about whales that mirror a passage about whales published in "Song of Myself" . A direct relationship of this manuscript to Whitman's published work is unknown, although a possible relationship also exists with drafts of the poem "The Sleepers" in which Whitman was working with the idea of a whale being harpooned. These notes may be a continuation of notes written on a separate leaf and held at Duke University (The Trent Collection of Walt Whitman Manuscripts, Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library), "The Whale," MS 4to 88.

These notes for a cluster of poems that Whitman characterisizes as being "in the same way as Calamus Leaves expressing the idea and sentiment of Happiness . . . " appear on the verso of a page of prose notes for a poem or essay to be titled "Living Pictures" or "America." These notes mirror thoughts and expressions contained in the 1855 Preface. The manuscript lists various occupations and includes the phrase "not one jot less than" factors which bear relation to the poem eventually titled "Song for Occupations" appearing for the first time as an untitled poem in the 1855 edition. Whitman's use of the old long "s" in the word "less" indicates that the leaf was inscribed quite early in his poetic career. Whitman's use of the title "Calamus Leaves" on the opposite side, as in some very similar notes currently housed at Duke University, point toward the 1860 cluster "Enfans d'Adam" and dates the notes to some point in the late spring of 1859.

A draft of "After the Supper and Talk" . This poem was rejected by Harper's in 1885 but published in Lippincott's Magazine in November 1887, after which it eventually became the final poem in the "First Annex" titled "Sands at Seventy." To the verso are pasted sections 16 and 18-19 of "Poem of Joys" (final title: "A Song of Joys" ) clipped either from the independent book Passage to India (1871) or from the "Passage to India" supplement to Leaves of Grass.

The poem was first published in the November 1880 issue of Cope's Tobacco Plant and became one of the new poems in the 1881 edition of Leaves of Grass, where it appeared in the cluster "By the Roadside." At some point this leaf was pasted to a cardboard print of a photograph of Whitman stamped "Thomas C. Watkins" on the verso, but almost identical to one attributed by Henry Scholey Saunders, author of 100 Walt Whitman Photographs, to the studio of Frederick Gutekunst in Philadelphia, and reproduced in the 1889 pocket edition of Leaves of Grass.

The first two verses, taken more or less directly from a prose manuscript, "[Of Biography]," have no revisions, but the remaining three verses represent a significant expansion of the themes in the prose notes and are extensively revised. These verses, which precede "[Walt Whitman's law]" in the composition process, correspond, like "[Of Biography]," to section 13 of the 1860 version of the poem "Chants Democratic and Native American" which was revised and permanently retitled "Laws for Creations" in 1872.

This leaf bears the deleted title "To an artist, literat, &c" . The first line "Come, I have now to tell you" revises and expands on another manuscript "To a Literat" . These lines were eventually revised to form section 13 of the 1860 version of the poem "Chants Democratic" which was revised and permanently retitled "Laws for Creations" in 1872.

"The Mystic Trumpeter" was first published in the February 1872 issue of The Kansas Magazine, after which Whitman published it in the 1872 book As a Strong Bird on Pinions Free, in the 1876 Two Rivulets, and in the 1881 edition of Leaves of Grass. There and in later editions the poem was included in "From Noon to Starry Night." Other drafts of the poem are housed in the Charles E. Feinberg Collection at the Library of Congress, the Trent Memorial Collection at Duke University, and the T.E. Hanley Collection at the University of Texas.

Two sets of deleted verses constitute adaptations of lines from Whitman's pre-1855 unpublished notebook "Pictures" : "Now this is the fable of the mirror" and "And Now this is the fable of a beautiful statue." Two other deleted potential fables ideas also appear: "The trained runner" and "The five old men." At the foot of the leaf appears the note "last piece (still another Death Song— Death Song with prophecies." All of the sections are demarcated with horizontal lines. Based on Whitman's use of the tax blank, the manuscript appears to be a set of notes he made between 1857 and 1859 while preparing the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass. The "Poem of Fables" as such never materialized and Whitman's "Pictures" were not published in their entirety until 1925. Whitman uses the phrase "well-train'd runner" in "The Runner" , a poem which first appeared in Leaves of Grass in 1867.

This manuscript contains trial verses for the poem "Sail Out for Good, Eidólon Yacht!," first published in the March 1891 issue of Lippincott's Magazine in a group titled "Old-Age Echoes" . The top part of this manuscript has been cut away, leaving the emendations to what would become line 5 of the poem only partly visible. Whitman grouped "Sail Out for Good, Eidólon Yacht!" in his "Second Annex," titled "Good-Bye My Fancy" , to the 1891 edition of Leaves of Grass. The pencil note "Sail Out for good, Eidólon Yacht / Good Bye My Fancy / Page 7" appears in the lower left corner, below two new drafts of the ending lines.

This manuscript contains two lines from Whitman's poem "Song of the Answerer." This fair copy was evidently made for an admirer: it includes Whitman's autograph in large letters above the lines "Camden New Jersey / March 14 1887—." The lines from the poem are quoted without revision from the 1881 edition of Leaves of Grass, followed by the citation "(L of Grass—p 137)," which refers to the 1881 system of pagination. These lines come from the first verse paragraph of section 2 of the poem. This section began as the independent composition "19—Poem of The Singers, and of The Words of Poems" in 1856, after which it underwent various changes in content, title, and position until being joined with "Now List to My Morning Romanza" in 1881.

This manuscript is a signed fair copy of three verses from numbered section 6 of the 1881 Leaves of Grass version of a poem published under the title "Thou Mother with Thy Equal Brood" ; his note "Leaves of Grass/ page 350," corresponding to the pagination of the 1881 edition, appears beneath the lines. Whitman seems to have prepared this copy for an admirer, with his signature appearing in huge letters above the lines "Camden New Jersey / April 19 1886—."

The first two entries on Leaf 1 appear to contain general notes for a poem; the second entry reads, "Make a demand for the Ideal, (or rather idea of the Ideal of the real)." The lines are followed by the note "in the piece," which leads up to several trial verses eventually incorporated in the second verse paragraph of numbered section 5 of "Thou Mother With Thy Equal Brood." The accompanying leaf contains general notes about creating a song or chant to celebrate America and her "best men." A cartoon hand singles out the lines "All the states / East & west, / north & south / Brotherhood / an equal union" which prefigure the whole poem, but particularly such lines as "South, North, West, East, / (To thy immortal breasts, Mother of All, thy every daughter, / son, endear'd alike, forever equal,)" in the same section projected on Leaf 1. The poem "Thou Mother With Thy Equal Brood" was composed with the title "As a Strong Bird on Pinions Free" and presented as the Dartmouth commencement poem on June 26, 1872. The poem was first published in a volume of the same name with seven other poems also in 1872.

After being incorporated as the first main section of "Enfans d'Adam" in 1860, this poem received its own title, "To the Garden, the World" in the 1867 Leaves of Grass and retained its position in the "Children of Adam" group.

Originally numbered 84, this poem appeared in the 1860 Leaves of Grass as main section 7 of "Enfans d'Adam," and was retitled within the group "We Two—How Long We Were Fool'd" in 1867.

This poem, numbered 82 in pencil, became main section 8 of "Enfans d'Adam" in 1860, and was permanently retitled within the group "Native Moments" in 1867.

The recto verses appearing on this manuscript became the main section 9 of "Enfans d'Adam" in 1860 and were retitled "Once I Pass'd Through a Populous City" in 1867. On the verso appear two fragments: an undeleted verse that would be used in Satan's section of "Chanting the Square Deific" in "Sequel to Drum-Taps" (1865-66); and what would become section 23 of "Proto-Leaf" , which becomes "Starting from Paumanok" in 1867. The undeleted verse is upside-down relative to the deleted section.

The number 80 appears above the deleted 79 above the title, along with a pencil question mark in parentheses. This poem was revised to form main section 10 of "Enfans d'Adam" in 1860, and in 1867 was given two new opening lines and retitled "Facing West from California's Shores."

This manuscript became section 1 of "Calamus" in 1860, and was retitled "In Paths Untrodden" in the 1867 Leaves of Grass.

These leaves comprise two sections of a poem inscribed (with very few alterations) on the first and third sides of a folded half-sheet of paper. On the first side of the folded leaf a blue pencil was used to correct a pencil number 7 to a 1, and on the third side the blue pencil corrected a pencil 8 to a 2. The five verses beginning "Was it I who walked the / earth..." were not used in "Calamus," but the five lines beginning "Scented herbage of my breast" became the opening verses of section 2 of the cluster in the 1860 Leaves of Grass. In the 1867 and later editions the first line was used as the title of the poem.

The verses on the recto became lines 6-40 of section 2 of "Calamus" in the 1860 edition. Section 2 of the Calamus group was permanently retitled "Scented Herbage of my Breast" in 1867. On the verso appears a draft of an editorial, "Important Questions in Brooklyn.—," which Whitman apparently never published but which seems to have inspired at least two published editorials on the Brooklyn Water Works and the political quarrels surrounding control of the project. The editorials appeared in the Brooklyn Times of March 15 and 16, 1859.

Written on a light blue Williamsburgh tax blank, this poem became section 15 of "Calamus" in 1860, and, with the addition of a new first line, was retitled "Trickle, Drops" in 1867.

On a composite leaf consisting of two pieces of white wove paper. The smaller section is pasted over some lines in the top-left corner of the larger piece, from the top of which other lines were cut off. On the verso of the larger piece appears an extensively revised pencil draft of the first poem in "Enfans d'Adam" . The group first appeard in print in 1860 with this poem as section 1. The poem was permanently titled "To the Garden of the World" in 1867. The verses on the current recto of the composite leaf became section 18 of "Calamus" in 1860; the poem was permanently titled "City of Orgies" in 1867.

This poem was originally numbered 89. Whitman also numbered each leaf in the lower-left corner in pencil: the leaves follow the order 1-9, 9 1/2 (a full page despite its number), and 10-15. The expression "the Eightieth year of / These States" at the top of leaf 2 indicates that Whitman was working on this poem as early as 1856. It became section 4 of "Chants Democratic" in 1860. In 1867 Whitman ungrouped it and retitled the poem "American Feuillage," a name it kept until being permanently retitled "Our Old Feuillage" in 1881.

On six leaves of pink paper. The deleted title is "Poemet—." "Evolutions.—" is written in light ink, and the number "41—" in a darker ink than the text. Whitman numbered each leaf in pencil in the upper right corner. This poem was first published in the January 14, 1860 issue of the New York Saturday Press under the title "You and Me and To-day," after which it became section 7 of "Chants Democratic" in the 1860 Leaves of Grass. In 1867 Whitman ungrouped it and permanently retitled it "With Antecedents" ; in 1881 it was permanently transferred to the new cluster "Birds of Passage." The manuscript leaves correspond to the published verses in the 1860 Leaves of Grass.

Whitman numbered each of the six leaves, in pencil, in the upper right corner. In the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass Whitman published this poem as section 8 of "Chants Democratic." In 1867, he gave it the permanent title "Song at Sunset" and moved it to the supplement "Songs Before Parting" ; in 1871 it was finally transferred to the cluster "Songs of Parting" within the main body of Leaves of Grass.

Whitman inscribed and circled the note "2d/ piece/ in Book" in the upper-right corner of the first leaf. The small top section is inscribed on the verso of some deleted draft verses excised from "So Long!" . "Thought" became section 9 of "Chants Democratic" in 1860. In the 1867 Leaves of Grass Whitman combined it with the second "Thought" to form the poem "Thoughts" in the supplement "Songs Before Parting." (This particular "Thought" was numbered section 1 of the composite poem.) In 1871 "Thoughts" appeared in the cluster "Songs of Parting" within the main body of Leaves of Grass, and in 1881, it achieved its final position within that cluster. These leaves correspond to the verses in the 1860 "Chants Democratic" version.

The paste-on revision contains an expanded version of the original lines Whitman cut away and apparently discarded. The verso of the paste-on section contains, five undeleted draft lines that would become the final verses of "Proto-Leaf" in the 1860 Leaves of Grass; Whitman's small note in the lower-right corner, in a semi-circle, reads "end of Poem." These "Thought" lines became section 11 of "Chants Democratic" in 1860. In the 1867 Leaves of Grass Whitman combined it with the second "Thought" to form the poem "Thoughts" in the supplement "Songs Before Parting." In 1871 "Thoughts" appeared in the cluster "Songs of Parting" within the main body of Leaves of Grass, and in 1881, it achieved its final position within that cluster.

After undergoing extensive revisions, in 1860 "To a Historian" became section 10 of "Chants Democratic." In 1867 Whitman deleted five verses, transferred the poem to the supplement "Songs Before Parting," and permanently retitled it "To a Historian." It appeared as the fifth poem in the opening cluster "Inscriptions" in the 1872 and all later editions. On the verso appear fragments of pencil notes for a speech or essay Whitman wrote (most likely) in 1856, and revised in 1858, under the working title "Slavery—the Slaveholders—/ —The Constitution—the true America and Americans, the laboring persons—." The verso of another manuscript in this collection entitled "To a Cantatrice.—" contains an additional fragment of these notes.

The poem was originally numbered 67, and the partly erased pencil note "Needs to be/ re-written/ or excluded" appears in the upper-right corner of the first leaf. Whitman also numbered the leaves in pencil in their lower-left corners. The leaves correspond to verses in section 12 of "Chants Democratic" in the 1860 Leaves of Grass. After excising and altering numerous verses of the poem and numbering different verse paragraphs for the "Chants Democratic" version, Whitman next made the poem the second numbered section of the last "Leaves of Grass" cluster in the 1867 edition. From 1872 to 1876 it bore the title "To Oratists." Then, in 1881, Whitman deleted several lines, joining this poem with a previously unconnected poem known as "Voices" to form "Vocalism" in the cluster "Autumn Rivulets," a position and identity the now-composite poem retained from that point on.

A partial horizontal line at the top of the first leaf indicates that Whitman cut away the original title and number. Whitman numbered each leaf in pencil in the lower left corner. These pages were transformed into section 13 of "Chants Democratic" in the 1860 Leaves of Grass. In 1867 it was greatly shortened and transferred to the final "Leaves of Grass" cluster. In 1872 the poem was permanently retitled "Laws for Creations" Its final position was in the cluster "Autumn Rivulets" .

Whitman numbered the inscribed sides of the folded leaf, in pencil, in the upper right corners. Side 1 corresponds to verses 1-9 of section 14 of "Chants Democratic" in the 1860 Leaves of Grass; side 2 ("I expect that Kanadians,") became verses 10-16 of that version. In 1867 it was shortened to make up section 4 of the final "Leaves of Grass" cluster. In 1872 it was permanently retitled "Poets to Come" and transferred to the cluster "The Answerer," where it stayed until being moved to the "Inscriptions" cluster in 1881.

This manuscript draft became section 16 of "Chants Democratic" in 1860, with Leaf 1 corresponding to verses 1-6 and Leaf 2 ("They shall train themselves/ to go in public,...") to verses 7-11. In 1867 Whitman restored the title "Mediums" ; in 1871, the poem was transferred to Passage to India, and in 1881 took its final position in the cluster "From Noon to Starry Night."

The poem was originally numbered 50. Whitman penciled in a question mark, in parentheses, in the upper-right corner. This became section 17 of "Chants Democratic" in the 1860 Leaves of Grass, with leaf 1 corresponding to verses 1-6 and leaf 2 ("We confer on equal terms with / each of The States,") to verses 7-13. Although he dropped it from Leaves of Grass in 1867, Whitman nonetheless used the poem, permanently retitled "On Journeys through the States," in Passage to India in 1871. In 1872 and 1876 it appeared in the "Passage to India" annexes to Leaves of Grass and Two Rivulets, respectively, and in the 1881 edition it took its final position in the cluster "Inscriptions."

Originally numbered 73. This poem became section 18 of "Chants Democratic" in 1860; in 1867 it was permanently retitled "Me Imperturbe," and after various repositionings, was finally transferred to the cluster "Inscriptions" in 1881.

Originally numbered 75; the pencil title "Leaflet" appears, deleted, in the upper-right corner. This poem became section 19 of "Chants Democratic" in 1860; in 1867 it was permanently retitled "I Was Looking a Long While," and in 1881 was assigned to the cluster "Autumn Rivulets."

Originally numbered 54 and titled "Leaf.—" . The title was next "Songs—always wanted" and then "Mouth-Songs." This poem became section 20 of "Chants Democratic" in 1860, with leaf 1 corresponding to verses 1-6 and leaf 2 ("The delicious singing of the/ mother...") to verses 8-10. In 1867 Whitman revised the first line and permanently retitled the poem "I Hear America Singing" ; in 1881 it achieved its final position in the cluster "Inscriptions."

After undergoing substantial deletions and revisions this poem became section 13 of the cluster "Leaves of Grass" in 1860, with the manuscript leaves corresponding to the published version as follows: leaf 1 to numbered verse paragraphs 1 (now beginning "O bitter sprig! Confession sprig!") through 3 and 5; leaf 2 ("You felons on trial in courts,") to 4 and most of 6; and leaf 3 ("And I say I am of them—") to the rest of 6. In 1867 Whitman permanently retitled the poem "You Felons on Trial in Courts" and further shortened it by removing the first three verse paragraphs. The poem's final position, in 1881, was in the cluster "Autumn Rivulets."

Whitman cut off and flipped over the top section of the first leaf, gluing it to the rest of the leaf, in order to transform the original first line into the title. (The current verso of the top section still bears, undeleted, the first line "Night on the prairies[,]" along with the title "Leaf.—" and the number 73, originally 72). Whitman deleted the pencil numbers 16, 17, and 18 in the lower-left corner of the leaves, substituting the numbers 1 through 3. This poem became section 15 of the cluster "Leaves of Grass" in 1860. In 1867 Whitman restored the title "Night on the Prairies" and revised the poem, transferring it to the "Leaves of Grass" group. After other repositionings it achieved its current place in the cluster "Whispers of Heavenly Death" in 1881.

The poem was originally numbered 71 and then modified to 72. These 2 leaves contain verses first published in section 16 of the 1860 Leaves of Grass cluster. In 1867 Whitman transferred this poem to a different "Leaves of Grass" group with the poems that would become "Night on the Prairies" and "I Sit and Look Out." After receiving the title "The World Below the Brine" in the 1871 "Sea-Shore Memories" group of Passage to India, the final change was its transfer to the cluster "Sea Drift" within the main body of Leaves of Grass in 1881.

Originally numbered 77 and then changed to 78. This became section 17 of the cluster "Leaves of Grass" in the 1860 Leaves. After taking different positions in both the 1867 and 1872, it took its final place in 1881 in the cluster "By the Roadside."

This poem became section 18 of the cluster "Leaves of Grass" in the 1860 edition. In 1872 the poem received the title "All is Truth," and in 1881, after various repositionings, it was finally transferred to the cluster "From Noon to Starry Night" . The second leaf is a composite formed when Whitman deleted and cut away the original first two verses on the leaf, flipped the new small section over and upside-down, pasted it to the foot of the remaining original verses, and inscribed a verse in light ink on the newly created blank space.

This poem became section 19 of the cluster "Leaves of Grass" in the 1860 edition. In 1867 Whitman moved it to a different "Leaves of Grass" group in the "Songs Before Parting" annex. In 1872 it was retitled "Germs" and was ultimately transferred, in 1881, to the cluster "By the Roadside."

This poem became section 21 of the cluster "Leaves of Grass" in the 1860 edition. In 1867 Whitman placed it after what would eventually become "All is Truth" and "Germs" as section 3 of a "Leaves of Grass" group in the annex "Songs Before Parting." In 1872 Whitman restored the title "Voices." In 1881 he dropped the first two verses and added "Voices" (as verse paragraph 2) to the previously unrelated poem "To Oratists" to form "Vocalism" in the cluster "Autumn Rivulets" .

This poem became section 22 of the cluster "Leaves of Grass" in the 1860 edition. In 1867 Whitman dropped the second 1860 verse and made it section 4 of a "Leaves of Grass" group in the annex "Songs Before Parting" . Whitman gave it the title "What Am I After All" in Passage to India (1871), and in 1881 it was finally transferred to the cluster "Autumn Rivulets."

Originally numbered 95 and then changed to 96. This poem was published under the title "To One Shortly to Die" , with only minor revisions, in the 1860 "Messenger Leaves" cluster. In 1871, Whitman made small but significant additions to the poem and transferred it to the supplement "Passage to India." In 1881 it was finally moved to the cluster "Whispers of Heavenly Death."

"To Rich Givers—" was originally numbered 98. In 1860 it formed part of the "Messenger Leaves" cluster under the same title. After being ungrouped (1867) and transferred to the cluster "Songs of Parting" (1872 and 1876), it finally appeared, in 1881, in the cluster "By the Roadside." The deleted verses on the back of the leaf represent an earlier version of the manuscript poem "To the Future," never published by Whitman, and currently housed in the Huntington Library.

The manuscript bears the title "To a Pupil" ; however, the original title seems to have been cut away. This poem was revised somewhat and published under the same title in the "Messenger Leaves" cluster of the 1860 Leaves of Grass. It was ungrouped in 1867, transferred to a "Leaves of Grass" group within the "Passage to India" supplement in 1872 (also 1876), and finally moved to the cluster "Autumn Rivulets" within Leaves of Grass in 1881.

Whitman wrote and deleted the date 1858 in blue pencil in the upper right corner of the first leaf, and inscribed the same date in normal pencil in the lower left corner of the second leaf. This poem became "To The States, To Identify the 16th, 17th, or 18th Presidentiad" in the cluster "Messenger Leaves" in the 1860 Leaves of Grass. Ungrouped in 1867, it was transferred in 1872 to a "Leaves of Grass" group within the main body. In 1881 it was finally transferred to the cluster "By the Roadside" .

This poem was first titled "To an artist," then "To an architect" ; the smudged-out words "Lecture[s] / To" appear in light ink in the upper-left corner. These lines were revised and published under the title "To a Cantatrice" in the "Messenger Leaves" cluster of 1860. After being ungrouped and permanently retitled "To A Certain Cantatrice" in 1867, it was revised for inclusion in the cluster "Songs of Insurrection" in the 1872 and 1876 Leaves of Grass. In 1881 it was finally transferred to the cluster "Inscriptions" . On one section of the same leaf of white ruled laid paper used for "To a Historian," and with another fragment of the same pencil draft of the speech or essay "Slavery—the Slaveholders—/ —The Constitution—the/ true America and Ameri-/ cans, the laboring persons.—" on verso.

Beneath the pasted-over section can be discerned a second title, also "To You," with the number 91 (mended from 90). In the 1860 Leaves of Grass Whitman divided the poems again, publishing them in reverse order under the same titles at the end of the cluster "Messenger Leaves." Section 1 was eventually published (1881) as one of the poems in the cluster "Inscriptions," but Whitman dropped section 2 from his published poems after an 1876 appearance in the supplement "Passage to India."

Originally numbered 56 and revised by overwriting to 57; Whitman numbered each leaf in pencil in the lower-left corner from 1 to 5. The leaves correspond to various verses in the 1860 edition. In the 1872 Leaves of Grass the poem was transferred to a "Leaves of Grass" group, and in 1881 took its final position in the cluster "From Noon to Starry Night."

These eighteen leaves, numbered by a collector, relate to "Poem of Joys," first published in the 1860 Leaves of Grass. The title became "Poems of Joy" in 1867, but reverted to the original title in its next two iterations (in the "Passage to India" supplement of 1872 and 1876). In 1881 it was finally titled "A Song of Joys" and left independent of any cluster.

Originally numbered 86 and revised by overwriting to 87; Whitman also numbered the leaves 1-5 (in pencil, lower left corner), with the 1 replacing a 6 and the 2 written over what looks like a 7. The leaves correspond to various verses in the 1860 published version "France, The 18th Year of These States" . Although Whitman never changed the title, and did not revise the poem much, he did transfer it twice, grouping it in the cluster "Songs of Insurrection" within the main body of Leaves of Grass in 1871 and 1876, and in 1881 finally transferring it to the new cluster "Birds of Passage" within Leaves of Grass.

Originally numbered 81 and revised by overwriting to 82, with the note "?/(Leaf of)" above the number and title. Whitman numbered the leaves 1-5 in pencil in the lower left corners. The leaves correspond to various numbered sections of the 1860 published version. In the 1872 Leaves of Grass Whitman transferred the poem to a "Leaves of Grass" group, and in 1881 it was finally moved, after several revisions through the different published versions, to the cluster "Autumn Rivulets."

Originally numbered 55 and revised by overwriting to 56. Leaf 1 corresponds to verses 1-6 of the 1860 version, and the lines on leaf 2 ("Who out of the theory of the/ earth,...") correspond to verses 7-10. Revised very little through the different editions, "Kosmos" appeared in 1872 and 1876 in a "Leaves of Grass" group in the supplement "Passage to India." In 1881 it was finally transferred to the cluster "Autumn Rivulets" within the main body of Leaves of Grass.

Originally titled "Looking-Glass" and numbered 82 and revised by overwriting to 83. The poem remained unchanged and with the same title since its first appearance in the 1860 edition. This poem was titled but ungrouped until 1881, when Whitman finally placed it in the cluster "By the Roadside."

Originally numbered 52 and revised by overwriting to 53. Ungrouped in the 1860 and 1867 Leaves of Grass, the poem "Savantism" was transferred to Passage to India in 1871 and from there to "Leaves of Grass" groups in the "Passage to India" annexes of the 1872 Leaves of Grass and the 1876 Two Rivulets. From there it was moved, finally (in 1881), to the "Inscriptions" cluster within the main body of Leaves of Grass.

These manuscript lines were revised to form numbered sections 1 through 4 of the ungrouped poem "Says" in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass. Whitman cut four verse paragraphs from the poem in the 1867 Leaves of Grass version; from that point on the shortened poem appeared, ungrouped, under the title "Suggestions" until its final appearance in 1876.

These manuscript lines were revised to form numbered section 5 of the ungrouped poem "Says" in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass. Whitman cut four verse paragraphs in the 1867 Leaves of Grass version; from that point on the shortened poem appeared, ungrouped, under the title "Suggestions" until its final appearance in 1876.

These manuscript lines were revised to form numbered section 6 of the ungrouped poem "Says" in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass. Whitman cut four verse paragraphs in the 1867 Leaves of Grass version; from that point on the shortened poem appeared, ungrouped, under the title "Suggestions" until its final appearance in 1876.

These manuscript lines were revised to form numbered section 7 of the ungrouped poem "Says" in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass. Whitman cut four verse paragraphs in the 1867 Leaves of Grass version; from that point on the shortened poem appeared, ungrouped, under the title "Suggestions" until its final appearance in 1876. The cancelled lines on the top section of the manuscript appear to be a draft of lines that were never published but that bear great resemblance to the various "Thoughts" and "Thought (Of . . .)" poems Whitman published throughout the many editions of Leaves of Grass.

Whitman retitled the poem "To My Soul" in the 1860 edition of Leaves of Grass. In 1867 Whitman cut eight lines and revised others, retitling the poem "As Nearing Departure" and moving it to an untitled group of poems in the supplement "Songs Before Parting." In 1872 it was finally retitled "As the Time Draws Nigh" and transferred to the cluster "Songs of Parting" within the main body of Leaves of Grass.

Whitman numbered the leaves 75-81 in the upper right corner, with the exception of leaves 6 and 7, which are numbered at top center. In 1860 this was the final poem in Leaves of Grass; in 1867 Whitman cut twenty-one lines and transferred it to the end of the last Leaves of Grass supplement "Songs of Parting." In 1872, with the transformation of this supplement into the cluster "Songs Before Parting," it was permanently fixed as the final poem in the main body of Leaves of Grass.

First published not in the 1860 Leaves of Grass, but in the separate publication Passage to India in 1871. Whitman penciled in the note "Long Primer / middling wide measure" in the upper left corner of the first leaf, and on the verso of the second wrote and deleted (also in pencil) the note "The worship of God is, honoring his gifts in other men, each according to his genius, & loving the greatest men best. Those who envy or calumniate great men, hate God William Blake[.]" After being bound with the rest of the Passage to India poems as a supplement to Leaves of Grass, in 1881 the poem was permanently transferred to the cluster Autumn Rivulets within the main body of Leaves of Grass.

This poem became numbered verse paragraph 4 of section 2 of the title poem in the separate 1871 publication "Passage to India." In 1881 the poem "Passage to India" was transferred, ungrouped, to the main body of Leaves of Grass.

These notes, inscribed on scraps of paper of diverse types and sizes, went into the making of a number of poems used in Leaves of Grass, although some of them never seem to have been used, and some are prose notes. In several cases a collector has pasted two or more leaves to the same sheet of more contemporary paper, but for convenience and accuracy the leaves are described individually here.